View Full Version : Ladder Safety
LADDER SAFETY
(Just this morning, a guy in town was on a ladder hanging Christmas lights. He fell 20. The ambulance took him to the hospital on a backboard. My guess is that his Christmas may not be that merry.)
This is one of those times of the year when many of us find ourselves working on a ladder. Although ladders seem safer than other items we may use, such as chainsaws, ladder injuries account for a number of injuries and deaths in the United States each year. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, over 500,000 people in the United States are treated for ladder-related injuries each year. In 2000, 412 people died as a result of a ladder-related injury.
Back in the days when I was teaching light and heavy rescue classes, I often received feedback from students who acknowledged that they had learned a lot about an item that they had rarely given a second thought to in the past. So, I dug out my own lesson plans, did a bit of web-surfing and fact checking, and, without further ado, here are some things you should know about LADDER SAFETY.
1. USE THE RIGHT LADDER FOR THE JOB
LOAD BEARING CAPACITY
A ladder is rated based upon its maximum capacity for combined weight of the user and any objects being carried up the ladder. There are 4 distinct ratings:
Type IA Ladders are rated for 300 lbs. and are appropriate for extra-heavy professional use.
Type I Ladders are rated for 250 lbs. and are for heavy-duty use.
Type II Ladders are rated for 225 lbs. and are for medium-duty use.
Type III Ladders are rated for 200 lbs. and are for light-duty use only.
A rating sticker should be affixed to the side of every ladder. Look for a UL or ANSI sticker.
LADDER DESIGN
There are three general types of ladders used in homes; extension ladders, one section straight ladders, and extension ladders. Choose the proper one for the job.
LADDER LENGTH
On average, an individual will work most comfortably about 5 above where he or she stands on a ladder. You should never work less than 2 from the top of a ladder. Ladder accidents are often the result of using a ladder that is too short.
Never use a stepladder over 20 feet long.
The sections of an extension ladder should overlap enough to retain the strength of the ladder.
Extension ladders less than 36 long should have a 3 overlap.
Extension ladders between 36 and 48 long should have a 4 overlap.
Extension ladders over 48 long should have a 5 overlap.
Extension and straight ladders should always extend at least 3 beyond any ridge or over-hang against which it is rested.
LADDER CONSTRUCTION
Ladders are commonly constructed of either aluminum/light metal, or wood, or fiberglass. An aluminum or metal ladder should never be used for work near any electric line or other electric source. Aluminum/metal ladders are the most durable. Wood ladders may split or rot. Fiberglass ladders are the best combination of durability and non-conductivity, but are the most expensive.
2. INSPECT YOUR LADDER BEFORE USE
Make sure that all rungs, hardware, and fittings are clean, dry, and secure.
Make sure that all extension ladder ropes or cables are properly secured and in good condition.
Make sure that all moving parts move freely and without any binding or excessive free play.
Inspect wooden ladders for cracks, splits, and deterioration.
Never use a wooden ladder that has been painted. Paint may hide serious defects.
Metal and fiberglass ladders should be inspected for bends and breaks.
Rungs should be grooved or non-skid to avoid slipping.
Never use a ladder that does not pass your inspection or is slippery or shaky.
3. SETUP YOUR LADDER PROPERLY
Setting up the ladder correctly may help prevent falls. Locate all base legs and feet on a firm level surface.
Caution should always be used when placing or moving any ladder in the vicinity of electric lines. If an overhead power line is 50 kV or less, stay at least 10 feet away. For all other power lines, stay at least 35 feet away.
Stepladders should be fully open and locked before use.
To set up a ladder, first lay the ladder on the ground with the bottom resting against the base of the structure being ascended and the top pointing away. Next lift the top of the ladder over your head and slowly walk under the ladder to the object, moving your hands from rung to rung as you go. When the ladder is straight up, and the top touches the surface of the structure, pull out the legs of the ladder so that the distance away from the wall is about one-fourth of the height to the point of support. (To take down the ladder, simply reverse this procedure.)
Every ladder should be straight, stable, and secure before use. All legs and feet should be on a stable leveled surface.
Make sure all extension locks are secured in proper position.
Ladders should not be leaning sideways.
Use of ladders in snow, ice, or slippery conditions should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. If there is ANY chance of slippage, brace the ladder properly using a heavy staked section of lumber or with safety shoes.
Avoid setup or use of a ladder in high winds unless absolutely necessary. Brace the ladder appropriately.
Do not set up a ladder in front of doors without properly securing and posting a warning on the opposite side of the door.
The base of a long ladder should be secured to the ground.
The top of a long ladder should be tied to the upper landing surface. Top support for a ladder is as important as base stability. The top should rest evenly against a flat, firm surface. If a ladder is to be leaned against roof gutters, the strength and stability of the gutters should first be tested.
Secure the ladder against sideways drift or movement when accessing any upper landing surface.
A non-self-supporting ladder should be set at a 75 degree angle; the legs or feet should be set out about one-fourth of the ladder's height to its top support point. At less than 75 degrees, the ladder is more likely to tip backwards. At more than 75 degrees, the ladder is more likely to slide out at the bottom.
4. WHEN CLIMBING OR WORKING ON YOUR LADDER
Make sure that the rungs of the ladder and the bottoms of your shoes are clean and free of anything which may cause your feet to slip.
Face the ladder when climbing up or down. Use both hands.
Never carry any heavy or large object up a ladder. Climb up the ladder first, and then pull up the material with a rope.
Never stand higher than the second step from the top of a stepladder.
Dont stand or sit on the top. Dont stand or sit on the pail shelf. Dont use the back of a stepladder. Never straddle a stepladder.
Never stand on or work from the two top rungs of a straight or extension ladder.
Climb up the ladder with your feet in the center of the steps or rungs.
Keep both feet on the ladder.
Do not reach or lean too far in either direction from a ladder. This is the most frequent cause of ladder falls and injuries. Always keep the more than half of your body. Never push or pull anything sideways while on a ladder.
Never slide down a ladder.
Never try to move a ladder while you are working or standing on it.
If you become dizzy while on a ladder, stop. Put your arms around the rungs and rest your head against the ladder until you feel better. Then climb down slowly and carefully.
Never leave a ladder unattended if there are children in the vicinity.
Do not leave tools or work materials on top of a ladder.
Do not attempt to extend the working height of a scaffold by using a ladder. Use a higher scaffold.
CARE AND STORAGE OF YOUR LADDER
Keep your ladders in good condition.
Store ladders on racks or use wall brackets in order to ensure proper support. Never store ladder on their side rails.
Store wood and fiberglass ladders where they will not be exposed to excessive heat, moisture, dampness, or sunlight.
Never paint a wood ladder paint can hide all sorts of defects. Linseed oil is probably the best treatment for a wood ladder.
Never store materials on a ladder.
Cut up and discard any metal or fiberglass ladder that has been exposed to fire or strong chemicals.
Extension ladder rung-locks, bearings, and pulleys should be kept lubricated.
Replace frayed or worn extension ladder ropes before use.
Follow all manufacturers maintenance recommendations.
pocomoonskyeyes
12-12-2009, 05:25 PM
Since I couldn't add to your "Rep".... anonymously I might add, I guess I'll just have to say it publicly.....DagNabbit!!! Good Post.
Since I couldn't add to your "Rep".... anonymously I might add, I guess I'll just have to say it publicly.....DagNabbit!!! Good Post.
Gee, thanks, poco! :blushing:
Camp10
12-12-2009, 05:42 PM
It seems like most of the injuries I have seen with ladders involves carrying the things! I watched a guy slip on ice while carrying one and hurt his shoulder very badly. I've seen back strains and twists also. I have responded to one contact with the power lines from a house painting crew. Amazingly, no one was injured but it knocked power out to the street.
One of the things we did for our fiberglass ladders was "paint" them periodically with clear polyurethane spray. It keeps the fiberglass from rubbing off on you and protects the fiberglass from exposure to the sun. You do have to periodically refresh the polyurethane.
The easiest and safest way to carry an extension ladder is vertically. Grab one rung above your head and one rung below your waist. Lift vertically and move it to where it needs to be. Always, of course, be aware of anything that's overhead such as power lines or tree limbs.
To raise and lower your extension ladder from the horizontal to the vertical position lay the ladder flat on the ground. Grasp the top rung and lift it above your head. Then "walk" down the ladder (beneath it) raising it as your go. To lower the ladder to a horizontal position simply reverse the process.
Ladders are very easy to work with if you work smart and not hard.
2dumb2kwit
12-12-2009, 07:10 PM
I try to avoid ladders....at all cost!
Yep....big tuff guy........scared to death of heights.:blushing:
I have responded to one contact with the power lines from a house painting crew. Amazingly, no one was injured but it knocked power out to the street.
Good post
Never use an aluminum ladder near or around power lines
I try to avoid ladders....at all cost!
Yep....big tuff guy........scared to death of heights.:blushing:
Ken will be happy to catch you...
My knees get weak in a man lift @ about 20 + feet:eek:
rwc1969
12-12-2009, 09:00 PM
Besides making sure the ladder is soundly placed on the ground and up above I stand in front of it with tip of toes touching it and reach straight out with my arms fully extended, parallel to the ground and straight. If I can just touch the ladder with my hands that is the right angle regardless of height.
Too many people forget or don't know this simple, but important rule.
My knees get weak in a man lift @ about 20 + fee
We had a saying about pole climbing. Height is nothing to worry about. Anything above 20 feet can kill you.
Twenty feet or fifty. It's just a matter of perspective.
(get it? Perspective? The higher you go.....sometimes I slay myself)
Ole WV Coot
12-13-2009, 12:15 AM
Pretty good post. You did leave out using only the rails, not the rungs to hold going up or down a ladder. I carried my 28' fiberglass on my shoulder. I unlocked and lifted the feet to the ground leaving the top on the truck, got under the balance point and lifted the front. Easy to carry and use the old fireman method when setting the ladder, stand straight, hold the ladder with both hands, ladder feet near yours, top of ladder extending above a roof line 2 rungs. If using a ladder to climb a pole, loop a rope over one rail end, with the ladder up flip the rope over the other rung and then back again a couple of times. Loop rope around the pole waist high bringing the loose end over and around the rail of the ladder, loop under the rung and over the other rail. Pull rope back to pole and half hitch two sections of rope in the middle, makes an absolute solid working platform. Make or buy a ladder chock to level the ladder. If the ladder has both spurs & pads use the spurs, less chance of it moving. I don't like aluminum but to each his own. Inspect before every use. I could add a lot more but most folks wouldn't be using one in those situations. And YES I have climbed a few times, still do.
Ole WV Coot
12-13-2009, 12:28 AM
We had a saying about pole climbing. Height is nothing to worry about. Anything above 20 feet can kill you.
Twenty feet or fifty. It's just a matter of perspective.
(get it? Perspective? The higher you go.....sometimes I slay myself)
Don't really matter, just don't hug the pole and don't try to work above your head. Climbing a few more feet won't make a difference and riding a board with two ropes over a 100ft above a river ain't really a cable buggy. I was told the life jacket I had to wear was to make body recovery easier, the fall wouldn't kill me I would starve to death on the way down.:blushing:
Swamprat1958
12-13-2009, 12:37 PM
Ladder safety - that just hurts thinking about it! Two years ago I was trimming limbs from the oak trees in my yard. I was using a 20 foot long extension ladder and was very careful making certain it was on firm ground, attached to the trees with a rope at the top, etc., etc. I had trimmed five trees and was working on the last one when a limb I was cutting broke free and hit the ladder about 4 feet above ground level. It hit with enough force to bend the ladder into a 45 degree angle at the point of impact. Thankfully, the chainsaw fell straight down to the ground and I fell about eight feet from it and the tree. The ground was hard as concrete and I landed on my back and shoulders. Hard ground, a 48 year old body and a fifteen foot fall add up to a severely bruised and sore body for several days.
The only good thing about it is my wife will never ask for me to climb up and cut high tree limbs again:)
Stargazer
12-13-2009, 05:00 PM
Great post Ken. A few years ago I rode a ladder off my inlaws roof.I had just put one foot on the roof and had one on the ladder when it decided to kick out.Its amazing how big a knee can get when it swells up.
Ladder safety=send someone else up there.
Ladder safety=send someone else up there.
He said he's afraid of heights. :innocent:
He said he's afraid of heights. :innocent:
I'm not. Afraid of heights? No way, now the idea of falling any distance scares the sh!t out of me, but I'm not afraid of heights.
Stargazer
12-13-2009, 06:30 PM
Trax. Its not the fall that hurts.Its the sudden stop that will get you every time.
2dumb2kwit
12-13-2009, 06:42 PM
Trax. Its not the fall that hurts.Its the sudden stop that will get you every time.
Yeah.....deceleration trauma!:smash:
riding a board with two ropes over a 100ft above a river ain't really a cable buggy.
I actually ran over my own fingers pulling myself across a river on a cable car. That d@#$ wheel stopped right on my finger. I don't know which hurt worse. Stopping with all my weight on my finger or just knowing I had to pull some more to get it off. My one and only time on a cable care.
Batch
12-13-2009, 09:51 PM
I work with ladders on a daily basis. I have seen a guy have a career ending injury when he set his ladder behind a parking bumper instead of in front. Ladder kicked out and he landed on that parking bumper and SHATTERED his ankle. I mean many pieces...
Had another guy slide and ride a ladder down. He gripped tightly and he messed up his hip, both wrists, knocked a tooth out and through his lip and something like broken ribs or a messed up back.
Just a couple of years ago had a guy who was a friend of a friend painting a store at night. He was working only 12' up. He fell and they found him lying dead in a huge puddle of blood the next morning. I believe they said he died from a head injury. But, by all descriptions it sounds like he would died from blood loss also.
The worst spill I took from a ladder was a fall onto a freshly mulched ground from 22' or so. The worst fall I ever took was 8 stories unto a concrete roof. I don't think I got any mulligans left...
crashdive123
12-13-2009, 10:14 PM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEU-qOelCkA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N99B_vdJ-FU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lwq6tpYyGgw
Ole WV Coot
12-13-2009, 10:33 PM
I actually ran over my own fingers pulling myself across a river on a cable car. That d@#$ wheel stopped right on my finger. I don't know which hurt worse. Stopping with all my weight on my finger or just knowing I had to pull some more to get it off. My one and only time on a cable care.
I think everyone should have that decision to make. I was so banged up by the first few years the nice inside job even hurt. Guess we got down just in time. I did everything but burn a pole. To be serious for once everyday climbing with hooks or ladders should be taken more seriously than what I did. I was lucky and never really got hurt with all my mistakes but lots of men were crippled. Do it long enough and the odds will catch up. I joke about it now, but it is serious and if it bothers you to climb, DON'T. May end up like me:drool:
Being lucky is better than being good in my book. I only burned one. It happened to be a railroad pole. I cut out as I brought the strap around and cut back in about 6 feet off the ground. Bear hugged that @#$#@ all the way down. Took about a 3 foot splinter in my right arm but otherwise unhurt. As luck would have it, the splinter only went in about 1/2 inch. Did more harm to my shirt than me. I've seen guys with pencil sized splinters in their chest and watched the head lineman pull them out with line pliers. Hurt me just to watch.
Took about a 3 foot splinter in my right arm but otherwise unhurt.
Yeah, but when it enters your arm through your head......... just sayin'. :innocent:
gryffynklm
12-14-2009, 10:25 AM
Thanks for the post Ken.
I hate cleaning gutters There is a guy who knows a guy that can build one of these.
http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/uncyclopedia/images/4/4f/World%27s_safest_ladder.jpg
I'm not afraid of heights, but I cringed just looking at that thing.
This guy is one of my favs. Can you say....BbbbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzZap!
http://fresh99.com/images/ladders/safety_first_004.jpg
gryffynklm
12-14-2009, 10:44 AM
I found the original link for the truck ladder photo. If you think that was scary look at the others.
http://www.nmsu.edu/safety/news/dumb/1safety-donts_ladders.htm
crashdive123
12-14-2009, 11:35 AM
This guy is one of my favs. Can you say....BbbbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzZap!
http://fresh99.com/images/ladders/safety_first_004.jpg
At least he has safety goggles on.:innocent:
So how many of those bottles of liquor (background left) can we identify? :innocent:
hunter63
12-14-2009, 01:19 PM
Pretty good post. You did leave out using only the rails, not the rungs to hold going up or down a ladder. I carried my 28' fiberglass on my shoulder. I unlocked and lifted the feet to the ground leaving the top on the truck, got under the balance point and lifted the front. Easy to carry and use the old fireman method when setting the ladder, stand straight, hold the ladder with both hands, ladder feet near yours, top of ladder extending above a roof line 2 rungs.
This is also my 2nd favorite method.
The 1st favorite is to have the apprentice pick it up off the truck, carry it, set it up.
Then after checking his methods, ***** him out, correct the situation, send him up and tie it off.
Then haul up my tools.......
Putting it back on the truck is the reverse of this.
Ole WV Coot
12-14-2009, 07:06 PM
This is also my 2nd favorite method.
The 1st favorite is to have the apprentice pick it up off the truck, carry it, set it up.
Then after checking his methods, ***** him out, correct the situation, send him up and tie it off.
Then haul up my tools.......
Putting it back on the truck is the reverse of this.
Did I work with you back in the early 60s? At 20 I worked with a guy in his 50s. First job I put my tool belt over my shoulder, headed out and made the mistake of asking him where his tools were. He just looked at me and said "Son that's what you're for". Lasted 5yrs and I learned real quick I had to pass his inspection. Those were the good old days, I had me several gofers for 20yrs and kinda miss having one:smash:Beats kicking your dog.:sneaky2:
That's the difference between a head lineman and a lineman. Well, that and a lot of coffee breaks.
hunter63
12-15-2009, 01:05 AM
Did I work with you back in the early 60s? At 20 I worked with a guy in his 50s. First job I put my tool belt over my shoulder, headed out and made the mistake of asking him where his tools were. He just looked at me and said "Son that's what you're for". Lasted 5yrs and I learned real quick I had to pass his inspection. Those were the good old days, I had me several gofers for 20yrs and kinda miss having one:smash:Beats kicking your dog.:sneaky2:
LOL, I'm old but not THAT old......But hey, that's the way it was/is.
Most of them I actually tried to teach them something, figured that if I did that, I could just watch.
Still, you have to understand, that when you had them do something, if it went wrong, I might not be my fault, but it still was my responsibility.
'Course there were some that shouldn't trusted with anything heavy/sharp or valuable.
Never lost one..................
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yellowcab
01-29-2026, 12:23 PM
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yellowcab
01-29-2026, 12:24 PM
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