What do you know about flint and primitive tools?

[Zack]

I've been interested lately in the idea of making primitive tools. I think that they're pretty tools, especially knives, and I've head (maybe incorrectly) that they can do better than their modern counterparts. What do you know about primitive tools? Flint? Where is it found (besides Ebay)? What do you recommend to a beginner in terms of projects and a "tool box"? Thanks, please reply!

[RangerXanatos]

I did a large arrow head in glass. Working from a round rock woulf take lots of skill amd patience for me to attempt.

[natertot]

I've been interested lately in the idea of making primitive tools. I think that they're pretty tools, especially knives, and I've head (maybe incorrectly) that they can do better than their modern counterparts. What do you know about primitive tools? Flint? Where is it found (besides Ebay)? What do you recommend to a beginner in terms of projects and a "tool box"? Thanks, please reply!

"primitive" is a word used loosely to describe many things from the beginning of mankind up to about 50 years ago so I don't know exactly what you have in mind. I do think that you heard incorrectly they can do better than their modern counterparts. This is a general statement and I am sure there is an occasional exception to the rule. If the newer variations weren't better, then they wouldn't have replaced their predecessors in the first place. As far as anything primitive goes, it may not be as good as newer things but I find it interesting to learn about and fun to play with. You won't see me doing an entire project with a hand drill though, the Bosch will come out after 2-3 holes!

Just my opinion. If you want to play and learn, have at it. I think that is worthwhile in itself.

[hunter63]

Look in your area to outdoor shows, rendezvous, pow-wows, and craft fairs.....see if some one is doing a demonstration and go watch.

Knapping is an art form, take years of practice, and required special materials, available in limited places.....so that why you see it on Ebay.
Native Americans and the all other cultures traded for materials just like we do today.

[Zack]

Look in your area to outdoor shows, rendezvous, pow-wows, and craft fairs.....see if some one is doing a demonstration and go watch.

Knapping is an art form, take years of practice, and required special materials, available in limited places.....so that why you see it on Ebay.
Native Americans and the all other cultures traded for materials just like we do today.

I'll try that.

[Zack]

"primitive" is a word used loosely to describe many things from the beginning of mankind up to about 50 years ago so I don't know exactly what you have in mind. I do think that you heard incorrectly they can do better than their modern counterparts. This is a general statement and I am sure there is an occasional exception to the rule. If the newer variations weren't better, then they wouldn't have replaced their predecessors in the first place. As far as anything primitive goes, it may not be as good as newer things but I find it interesting to learn about and fun to play with. You won't see me doing an entire project with a hand drill though, the Bosch will come out after 2-3 holes!

Just my opinion. If you want to play and learn, have at it. I think that is worthwhile in itself.

When using the term, I meant Indian type knives and tools. If I had to give a time period and region, I guess I would say Northeast America (Delaware, Pequots, etc.) and parts of the East Coast (Powhatans), up until the late 1500's.

[natertot]

When using the term, I meant Indian type knives and tools. If I had to give a time period and region, I guess I would say Northeast America (Delaware, Pequots, etc.) and parts of the East Coast (Powhatans), up until the late 1500's.

Gotcha. Yeah, what Hunter said.

[natertot]

Knapping is an art form, take years of practice, and required special materials, available in limited places.....so that why you see it on Ebay.
Native Americans and the all other cultures traded for materials just like we do today.

Native Americans and all the other cultures used Ebay too?!!!!!! :confused1:

Just funnin' ya! :smartass:

[crashdive123]

I disagree with the statement that primitive stone tools can perform better than their modern counterparts. While it is true that as stone edged tool can be made sharper than a steel edged tool it is also true that you need the correct stone and skill to make that happen. The stone (obsidian) is actually volcanic glass. The skill (as H63 pointed out) will take time to master.

Other things to consider are durability. A stone (glass) knife will be brittle and easily damaged. While obsidian is used in some applications, it is hardly manufactured in a primitive way. Additionally, if a stone knife were superior to a steel blade, we'd probably all be carrying them.

I don't want to put a damper on your enthusiasm to buy/make a knapped tool - just want you to be realistic about it.

From a coolness factor they are hard to beat.

[Rick]

Look for the book Ancient Carpenters Tools by Henry Mercer 0-486-40958-9. It's loaded with every type of tool imaginable.

http://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Carpenters-Tools-Illustrated-Cabinet-Maker/dp/0486409589

[Zack]

I disagree with the statement that primitive stone tools can perform better than their modern counterparts. While it is true that as stone edged tool can be made sharper than a steel edged tool it is also true that you need the correct stone and skill to make that happen. The stone (obsidian) is actually volcanic glass. The skill (as H63 pointed out) will take time to master.

Other things to consider are durability. A stone (glass) knife will be brittle and easily damaged. While obsidian is used in some applications, it is hardly manufactured in a primitive way. Additionally, if a stone knife were superior to a steel blade, we'd probably all be carrying them.

I don't want to put a damper on your enthusiasm to buy/make a knapped tool - just want you to be realistic about it.

From a coolness factor they are hard to beat.

Like I said, maybe I heard that incorrectly. For instance, I think I heard somewhere that a good obsidian knife can dress game faster and cleaner than a lot of steel knives. Maybe they're wrong? But from a common sense stand-point, I'd disagree as well. But I would still like to pursue a stone knife.

[Rick]

I've posted this before. It's been a while so I hope my numbers are correct. There was a PBS documentary about stone tools. They were able to make a stone blade that was .03 microns across. A scalpel is .05 microns. Crash's comment is spot on. Even though the stone tool is sharper which would you rather have the surgeon use?

[Roel]

Hand axe, they say it was the "Swiss army knive" from the Stone Age. The Neanderthal people used it for more than 250.000 years.
10504

This kind of blades are like razor blades, even sharper.
10505

Making arrowheads in Danmark 2013.
10506

[hunter63]

Like I said, maybe I heard that incorrectly. For instance, I think I heard somewhere that a good obsidian knife can dress game faster and cleaner than a lot of steel knives. Maybe they're wrong? But from a common sense stand-point, I'd disagree as well. But I would still like to pursue a stone knife.

I don't think you "heard incorrectly", I think some one was bragging as in "I can do this better with my stone knife"......... the age of "experts" has exploded with the interweb and Youtube.

I can see a group of hunters sitting around a fire 35000 years ago......Gorg says, "What is the best stone knife?"

[crashdive123]

I don't think you "heard incorrectly", I think some one was bragging as in "I can do this better with my stone knife"......... the age of "experts" has exploded with the interweb and Youtube.

I can see a group of hunters sitting around a fire 35000 years ago......Gorg says, "What is the best stone knife?"

Now that right there is funny.....probably true, but funny.....I don't care who you are.

[kyratshooter]

Can you imagine killing a wooly mammoth with a sharp rock on a short stick, then turning it into jerky strips with a stone knife??

[natertot]

Can you imagine killing a wooly mammoth with a sharp rock on a short stick, then turning it into jerky strips with a stone knife??

that sounds like a good time machine road trip right there!

[hunter63]

Wisconsin Outdoor Journal (defunct) had a kinda a funny article about cloning woolly mammoths (Kenosha County has had two dug up with butcher marks on it). ....rasing and possible hunting seasons.

I tried to find it, on the web....I do still have it in the original form.

I wrote the writer a letter (remember those?)...about hunt regulations, hunting on private property, approved weapons, titanium shaft spears, shining and group hunting....ever tried to drag a mammoth?

Write did respond in kind....funny...but it wasn't published.....
Maybe some day I'll go through my stuff.....find it and a type out the whole thing....not sure about plagiarism.

[natertot]

I could be wrong hunter, but I think that it is only plagiarism if you take the credit for it. If you state clearly who it was written by there shouldn't be a problem. The only other issue to worry about is if the writer is still getting any kind of kick back from it (I doubt it though) and you post it for free. I am not a lawyer though.

[hunter63]

I'll have to see if I can still find it....the writer has passed away some time ago......

They got several letters kinda like mine but were more serious about habitat, cloning in general, and other issues.....couple were printed in their "letter to the editor section"
I guess my tongue in cheek response, basically making fun of our states anal retentive hunting rules, was a little much for the general public.....the writer liked it though.

[Tokwan]

I can't deny the fact that my basic survival skills in the rainforest started off with primitive arts, skills and tools. This is actually good ..in case you are caught with your Hongs down...hehe..but I am always prepared. As I have written before, I always have on me or within my reach 3 types of fire kit, some water purifying tablet, at least a container for cooking, a tarp and a small lite hammock. I always carry My EKA Siss 8 in my pocket and my OKC SK 5 in my truck. So I think I 've got it covered.

[Zack]

I can't deny the fact that my basic survival skills in the rainforest started off with primitive arts, skills and tools. This is actually good ..in case you are caught with your Hongs down...hehe..but I am always prepared. As I have written before, I always have on me or within my reach 3 types of fire kit, some water purifying tablet, at least a container for cooking, a tarp and a small lite hammock. I always carry My EKA Siss 8 in my pocket and my OKC SK 5 in my truck. So I think I 've got it covered.

Smart. Like I said in my fire starting thread, I like to carry modern gear any time I go out (modern compared to a ferro rod, that is). But, like you say, it's never bad to have the skill on hand. My train of thought is practice now, don't get stuck later.

[TXyakr]

I've been interested lately in the idea of making primitive tools. I think that they're pretty tools, especially knives, and I've head (maybe incorrectly) that they can do better than their modern counterparts. What do you know about primitive tools? Flint? Where is it found (besides Ebay)? What do you recommend to a beginner in terms of projects and a "tool box"? Thanks, please reply!

My 2 Cents, I am NOT an expert, but respect those who actually are.

Most "flint" that you find on the ground or buy online is junk, fun to mess around with but useless for anything serious. Read this and other similar articles written by folks who know what the heck they are talking about:
http://www.flintknappingtools.com/where_flint.html

I have been told that when removing the hide from an animal (small or large doesn't matter) a stone tool versus steel can be used by someone who knows what the heck they are doing to damage the hide less and possibly finish that particular task faster. Personally I am out of practice and often cut thru the hide just a little bit especially if it is well below freezing and my fingers are getting very stiff (but better than warm with flies all over the place). There is a lot of technique, practice, skill and a understanding of anatomy, tissue etc required to do a good job in a reasonable amount of time. Not stand out there looking like a fool freezing to death. Just my personal experience YMMV. I actually do process everything I shoot but am very slow at it, perhaps I should try to make a stone knife and learn how to properly "knap" it to keep it sharp. Not some tourist knife from China with freeze damage stone.

Flint knapping can also be a lot of fun, hopefully you can find a great instructor and really enjoy it. Cheap stuff from China prevents most people from making any real money from it so think of it as a fun hobby. But like most skills if you go months without using those skill you will lose most of them. I hope you can find a location near you where you can find and actually dig up some good quality glass this spring time. That in of its self could be fun.

[hunter63]

While I agree that some stone tool materials, flint, chert, sugar quartz and many others....it is after all "real rock"

I don't think China has figured out a way to make "cheap flint".....LOL

The may sell questionable stone as "flint"......so the research to find good quality, as well as good sized blanks is always the first step.
Good point.

BTW not far from "The Place" (our cabin) is the location of the Hixton Sugar quartz deposit....prized all over the Americas as good workable stone....even more so after being "heat treated"

http://www.meadwildlife.org/index.php/mead-area-history/paleo-indians/

[TXyakr]

Good idea to find a quality source of raw stone/glass near you for a reasonable price (about $1/lb or less depending on stone some are good price for much higher). 1st decide which type of tools you want, i.e. just fire starter, or simple crude cutting instrument or something more sophisticated? Then can you figure out how to heat treat it yourself or is it best to pay for this service or is it even necessary? All I have are questions, I am mostly clueless as well Zack.

Here is a relatively local source for me for just one popular type of "flint". It is SW of Little Rock, AR near the Ouachita National Forest which is a fun place for me to camp and run around like a primitive wannabe. (dry humor).

http://www.magnetcovestone.net/main.htm
Anthropological write up at site listed above gives me a migraine, OMG. Hope their stone is better.

There are also several relatively good websites (Not just flea-bay) where craftsmen sell "flint" items and "flint" crafting tools etc but buying in person is always best IMO, such as at a craft fair, outdoors event etc. But even much of this stuff is knives in the style of steel knives but made out of stone, does not make sense to me but I'm sure it sells well. Tourist stuff IMO.

Also not sure where you can find best skilled "Knappers" (spell autocorrector killing me) in your area but, call around, check online, Parks and Rec, Outdoor clubs, Hunting Clubs, Camping Supply stores may offer classes etc. If you can find someone good who is also good at teaching that would be great.

Back to processing wild game: it is easy to nick the inside of hide or outer protective layer of the muscles (ham, shoulder, backstrap etc). Cutting thru the hide even a little is very bad obviously and if you cut into the muscles you lose this outer protective layer and the meat does not freeze or smoke as well. Therefore, I have been told that a "flint" knife properly made in good condition can do this better and stay sharper longer than the very best steel knife. I would like to try one but never have. I have seen video but could not find any good ones on youtube, mostly BS junk there. Just my personal opinion based on very limited experience. However, even a "flint" knife will not stay sharp "forever", even the very best will chip especially if you hit bone, drop it etc. So what good is a knife you don't know how to sharpen properly? Also just my personal opinion based on little knowledge.

If there are not people at this forum who know a heck of a lot more than me then there definitely are at other "outdoor" forums. Hopefully someone here can even sell you a knife and/or "flint" fire starter and tell you how to use and care for it properly.

[TXyakr]

Fairly good video of Mike Cook using "flint" knife to skin a WT deer (bit of humor by him as well).
DO NOT Watch if you are a vegan or do not want to know where your animal protein comes from!!!!


http://youtu.be/HyBpcURCAJ8

Personally I prefer to use a ceramic knife because I am a cheap fool, but this guy and others have convinced me there may be a better way. Also I prefer not to use "deer processing" places because often the game they return to you is not what you gave them and you have no idea how many times it fell on the floor, touched hide or entrails or scent glands etc. Or if person who actually shot it field dressed it properly or let it sit in hot sun to long or whatever. I could go on and on but I have been processing animals since I was very young and am still learning. Personally it just gives me more respect for what I shoot and eat. Also the tools I buy and use. "Flint" or whatever you call it seems cool I should really learn more.

[TXyakr]

Fun little international "Rock" video tour by "Art of Ishi" (aka Mike Cook):


http://youtu.be/VihHFFBrVjc

This video is rated G for all viewers even those who never eat meat, milk or any critter products. (weird humor)

If you can find an all day or multiple day instructional "knapping" class in your area by someone like Mike Cook and you are an outdoors nerd like me you will not be doing any napping in that fun entraining class (pun intended).

edit: On youtube "paleomanjim" and others have good intro knapping videos. He and others can give you some tips on how to make tools and also simple arrowheads from "grocery store" glass bottles, i.e. they have about a #5 hardness rating similar to several natural volcanic glass "stones". But eventually IMO it is best to take a class where a "live" instructor can help you one on one. YT has its limits.

[Fort fireman]

I always have my flint and steel with char cloth in my fire kit. That is actually my go to generally when it's time for a fire. I like to start fires with it and maintain the skill. I figure if I can consistently start a fire with a flint and steel all the other stuff I have will be much easier in an emergency or I'm just feeling lazy. I buy my flint from a co. Called track of the wolf. They are flintlock flints made with good black English flint . I hunt with flintlocks and when the flint is no longer good for in my rock lock I throw it in my fire kit and replace my locks flint.

[TXyakr]

Comparing the science between "Flint Knapping" and "Pigskin Physics" that has been in the news recently, makes me unsure which is more complex. But I'm guessing there may be some PhD candidate students at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts requesting to do their doctoral thesis on "Pigskin Physics" not "Flint Knapping Physics". LOL Very entertaining from a science standpoint, hopefully we will soon be mostly just entertained by men chasing pigskin, not the side show. Deflated pigskin may be useful for holding "flint" while knapping it but I would never accuse anyone of doing this without strong evidence. OH I should really just shut up. LOL

[hunter63]

What..........?

[TXyakr]

Seriously here is a good article for people interested:
http://www.tpwmagazine.com/archive/2011/sep/ed_3_flintknapping/index.phtml

For those who live near the Fort Worth, Texas area Angela Parker is very good if you can catch her giving a class or demonstration (Knap-in). Piles of chips for fire starting. She also sells some good small "primitive style" knives for a reasonable price at:
http://www.nativeprimitives.com/knives/index.html

Sorry H63 about that science nerd post #29, some folks just don't "get" that sense of humor.

[hunter63]

Footballs...pigskins...gotcha.....flint knapping.....yeah I can see the connection.....Yeah, that's the ticket.....

[TXyakr]

Footballs...pigskins...gotcha.....flint knapping.....yeah I can see the connection.....Yeah, that's the ticket.....

"Flint Knapping" is highly technical, most of us who have tried it mostly just turn many pounds of "rock" into gravel. (Thus importance of finding source of big 12" stones for less than $1/lb, hopefully heat treated, weaker but easier to knap blah blah). But those "Patriots" from the Boston, MA area have been making footballs seem like an extremely complex science of physics, chemistry and meteorology. So I was only joking about it. Weather on one side of the field was a remarkably different micro climate that other side during first half then remained the same during second half. This scientific phenomenon has the the media in a buzz. LOL

Once some people thought primitive people made flint arrowheads by pouring cold water on hot flint. LOL What silly people will believe. Ha Ha Ha.

[Rick]

Actually, refrigeration was invented for that very reason. For the cold water. The travois was used to drag the refrigerator around. Since electricity was so scarce they used a really really long extension cord. This, of course, allowed the cavalry to track them and, eventually, led to the defeat of the Native American. It's amazing what you can learn here.

[hunter63]

Actually as part of our Archeological Society display, was going to be a demonstration of heat treating of chert and the Hixton Sugar quartz.
Was going to be put on by a collage professor and a local knapper.

This was at out annual rendezvous....the park guy. shut them down as he was afraid that rock may explode.
So the city guy is telling the collage guys they can't do their thing....was pretty funny, but think he may have had a point.

[MrFixIt]

Here is a pic that hayshaker asked me to share:10511

[Zack]

Good idea to find a quality source of raw stone/glass near you for a reasonable price (about $1/lb or less depending on stone some are good price for much higher). 1st decide which type of tools you want, i.e. just fire starter, or simple crude cutting instrument or something more sophisticated? Then can you figure out how to heat treat it yourself or is it best to pay for this service or is it even necessary? All I have are questions, I am mostly clueless as well Zack.

Here is a relatively local source for me for just one popular type of "flint". It is SW of Little Rock, AR near the Ouachita National Forest which is a fun place for me to camp and run around like a primitive wannabe. (dry humor).

http://www.magnetcovestone.net/main.htm
Anthropological write up at site listed above gives me a migraine, OMG. Hope their stone is better.

There are also several relatively good websites (Not just flea-bay) where craftsmen sell "flint" items and "flint" crafting tools etc but buying in person is always best IMO, such as at a craft fair, outdoors event etc. But even much of this stuff is knives in the style of steel knives but made out of stone, does not make sense to me but I'm sure it sells well. Tourist stuff IMO.

Also not sure where you can find best skilled "Knappers" (spell autocorrector killing me) in your area but, call around, check online, Parks and Rec, Outdoor clubs, Hunting Clubs, Camping Supply stores may offer classes etc. If you can find someone good who is also good at teaching that would be great.

Back to processing wild game: it is easy to nick the inside of hide or outer protective layer of the muscles (ham, shoulder, backstrap etc). Cutting thru the hide even a little is very bad obviously and if you cut into the muscles you lose this outer protective layer and the meat does not freeze or smoke as well. Therefore, I have been told that a "flint" knife properly made in good condition can do this better and stay sharper longer than the very best steel knife. I would like to try one but never have. I have seen video but could not find any good ones on youtube, mostly BS junk there. Just my personal opinion based on very limited experience. However, even a "flint" knife will not stay sharp "forever", even the very best will chip especially if you hit bone, drop it etc. So what good is a knife you don't know how to sharpen properly? Also just my personal opinion based on little knowledge.

If there are not people at this forum who know a heck of a lot more than me then there definitely are at other "outdoor" forums. Hopefully someone here can even sell you a knife and/or "flint" fire starter and tell you how to use and care for it properly.

Thanks. I found out that a local state park has a flint knapping class this month. I think I'll register...

[TXyakr]

Thanks. I found out that a local state park has a flint knapping class this month. I think I'll register...

That sounds like a very good opportunity. Here in Texas most of the events at state parks are just demos, a class would be much better. There are definitely some full day and longer class around TX especially from the Austin to San Antonio area (Edwards Plateau Chert) but these are mostly private and the classes typically fill up fast depending on the instructor.

#1 If I were you I would definitely bring at least one heavy duty canvas bag and quietly ask the instructor before/after if I could have some of the scrap chips. These can be useful for many things, starting fire obviously but also practice pressure flaking, notching etc.

#2 Pair of safety glasses (if you already have some that are comfortable, don't fall off easily, don't fog up like goggles etc, if outside sunglasses may work. They may provide cheap safety goggles which I don't like.)

#3 Probably best to wait for instructors recommendations on tools but people like YT "paleomanjim" have great ideas on how to make your own basic tools. If you really get into it you may invest in better more task specific tools over the years but something cheap and simple to get started is important.

Once you start looking you will realize that almost every corner of the world has knappable stone or glass. A hot spot for me has been the Edwards Plateau and regions west. I typically look for oxidized dinosaur egg or football looking rocks, crack the edge off to check or wack two together. Along rivers, new erosion areas. A friend has a 2000+ acre ranch west of S.A., he often repairs or creates new roads/jeep trails with his D9 (bulldozer) this tears up lots of new limestone in dry creek beds, canyons, hillsides, rips up junipers etc. I may need to go through 200 tons of limestone to fine 100 pounds of good quality chert (flint) but it is worth it. Like most things the more a person looks for something the better you get at it and the less time you waste doing it. My wife also has a great aunt who owns tens of thousands of acres of ranch land in west Texas, I need to spend more time exploring that area for knapping rock. But hauling it out is an issue.

Edit: Hayshaker's photo in comment #36 shows several excellent primitive style stone knives posted by MrFixit. This may be a very ambitious project for day one but a great goal to have in mind. I think Mike Cook has a video on youtube of him quartering up a deer with a stone knife even simpler than these with just a stone blade attached to a split stick with a wedge and some cord holding it together. Thigh bone of a deer/elk is obviously much cooler than a stick.

[TXyakr]

Actually as part of our Archeological Society display, was going to be a demonstration of heat treating of chert and the Hixton Sugar quartz.
Was going to be put on by a collage professor and a local knapper.

This was at out annual rendezvous....the park guy. shut them down as he was afraid that rock may explode.
So the city guy is telling the collage guys they can't do their thing....was pretty funny, but think he may have had a point.

I could be wrong, but from what I have seen it would take an extreme amount of effort to get chert and quartz to explode and crack open a ceramics kiln oven typically used to heat treat these stones. Perhaps if you soaked them for many hours, then froze them solid, and put them in a oven preheated to over 2,000°F it might crack open but I seriously doubt it would explode. LOL

That story about the Flintstones Collage professor versus the volunteer or employee at the State Park reminded me of my Brother-in-Law who ran as fast as he could from his first minor fender binder auto accident that damaged the front bumper a bit because he thought the car would explode. He had grown up watching ridiculous shows on TV. It also make me thing of this:
http://rlv.zcache.com/flintstones_bundle_collage_greeting_cards-r6d5532d6f6b94683b58e14c1cca7d406_xvuat_8byvr_512. jpg

My parents did not allow any TVs in our home because they said TVs are "idiot boxes". So I had to spend my time reading books, doing school work, playing sports, running around outside getting into all kinds of fun. Some of which involved attempting to blow up things with black powder and whatever the chemistry books said would combine well and I could find at the H.W. store or grocery store. Surprisingly most of my explosives went off more like rocket engines and did not actually blow the tree stumps out of the cow pasture, but that is how kids learn things without a TV to misinform them. Surprisingly I still have all my fingers and toes and only a few minor flesh wounds and burns, hearing in right ear is mostly gone however from some explosions in drainage pipes and homemade muzzle loaders. Worth it! a childhood in front of a TV would have been a waste.

[TXyakr]

Actually, refrigeration was invented for that very reason. For the cold water. The travois was used to drag the refrigerator around. Since electricity was so scarce they used a really really long extension cord. This, of course, allowed the cavalry to track them and, eventually, led to the defeat of the Native American. It's amazing what you can learn here.

While reading some microfiche in the archives at BYU I came across a remarkable archaeological finding that supports your theory, Rick. Years ago in some “salt caves” above the great lake out west “they” discovered an ancient refrigerator and forge furnace. Along with these were the detailed instructions on how to use them to fashion all manner of stone implements in the original languages of the “Lamanites”, “Nephites” and “Jaredites”. Also found with them was a golden tablet in ancient Hebrew written in synoptic format alongside these other ancient languages. It was used as a “Rosetta Stone” to translate the instructions. To my amazement Nat Geo Channel has never done a TV special on this discovery. Perhaps I only dreamed about this after eating a large chocolate dessert one night. LOL “fish story”

[hunter63]

I could be wrong, but from what I have seen it would take an extreme amount of effort to get chert and quartz to explode and crack open a ceramics kiln oven typically used to heat treat these stones. Perhaps if you soaked them for many hours, then froze them solid, and put them in a oven preheated to over 2,000°F it might crack open but I seriously doubt it would explode. LOL

That story about the Flintstones Collage professor versus the volunteer or employee at the State Park reminded me of my Brother-in-Law who ran as fast as he could from his first minor fender binder auto accident that damaged the front bumper a bit because he thought the car would explode. He had grown up watching ridiculous shows on TV. It also make me thing of this:
http://rlv.zcache.com/flintstones_bundle_collage_greeting_cards-r6d5532d6f6b94683b58e14c1cca7d406_xvuat_8byvr_512. jpg

My parents did not allow any TVs in our home because they said TVs are "idiot boxes". So I had to spend my time reading books, doing school work, playing sports, running around outside getting into all kinds of fun. Some of which involved attempting to blow up things with black powder and whatever the chemistry books said would combine well and I could find at the H.W. store or grocery store. Surprisingly most of my explosives went off more like rocket engines and did not actually blow the tree stumps out of the cow pasture, but that is how kids learn things without a TV to misinform them. Surprisingly I still have all my fingers and toes and only a few minor flesh wounds and burns, hearing in right ear is mostly gone however from some explosions in drainage pipes and homemade muzzle loaders. Worth it! a childhood in front of a TV would have been a waste.

Looking for the picture........anyway
My child hood was similar as the first B&W TV got to our house when I was about 5.....
So just not much to watch on like 3 channels......Come to think about it I have the "Budget 200".....STILL not much to watch.

[Rick]

No ship. 200 channels, 175 of them reality, 90 of them about wilderness "surviving". Three decent channels of news, then there's Discovery and National Geographic. Most nights....zilch.

[Zack]

That sounds like a very good opportunity. Here in Texas most of the events at state parks are just demos, a class would be much better. There are definitely some full day and longer class around TX especially from the Austin to San Antonio area (Edwards Plateau Chert) but these are mostly private and the classes typically fill up fast depending on the instructor.

#1 If I were you I would definitely bring at least one heavy duty canvas bag and quietly ask the instructor before/after if I could have some of the scrap chips. These can be useful for many things, starting fire obviously but also practice pressure flaking, notching etc.

#2 Pair of safety glasses (if you already have some that are comfortable, don't fall off easily, don't fog up like goggles etc, if outside sunglasses may work. They may provide cheap safety goggles which I don't like.)

#3 Probably best to wait for instructors recommendations on tools but people like YT "paleomanjim" have great ideas on how to make your own basic tools. If you really get into it you may invest in better more task specific tools over the years but something cheap and simple to get started is important.

Once you start looking you will realize that almost every corner of the world has knappable stone or glass. A hot spot for me has been the Edwards Plateau and regions west. I typically look for oxidized dinosaur egg or football looking rocks, crack the edge off to check or wack two together. Along rivers, new erosion areas. A friend has a 2000+ acre ranch west of S.A., he often repairs or creates new roads/jeep trails with his D9 (bulldozer) this tears up lots of new limestone in dry creek beds, canyons, hillsides, rips up junipers etc. I may need to go through 200 tons of limestone to fine 100 pounds of good quality chert (flint) but it is worth it. Like most things the more a person looks for something the better you get at it and the less time you waste doing it. My wife also has a great aunt who owns tens of thousands of acres of ranch land in west Texas, I need to spend more time exploring that area for knapping rock. But hauling it out is an issue.

Edit: Hayshaker's photo in comment #36 shows several excellent primitive style stone knives posted by MrFixit. This may be a very ambitious project for day one but a great goal to have in mind. I think Mike Cook has a video on youtube of him quartering up a deer with a stone knife even simpler than these with just a stone blade attached to a split stick with a wedge and some cord holding it together. Thigh bone of a deer/elk is obviously much cooler than a stick.

Thanks for the recommendations. I'll bring the stuff you mentioned.

[Roel]

Some of my tools...

10514

[hunter63]

Some of my tools...

10514

Cool, can you list uses?

[TXyakr]

Cool tools Roel, I like that tomahawk or stone ax tool. Also antler tools, all look good.

Other items to take to a knapping class are bandaids for fingers possibly palms, thighs (someone else may need them more than you.)

Just my personal opinion, but NOT a great idea to spend money on a introductory knapping kit of tools until you have had time talking to an experience knapper face to face. He/she will definitely explain and demonstrate these in class:

http://www.flintknappingtools.com/mini_kit.html

If you have time you can have fun making your own knapping tools with supplies from a local hardware store.

[Rick]

There are many excellent knappers on here.

[TXyakr]

Some Knap-Ins in Texas and beyond would be fun to meet Wilderness-Survival forum members at one of these. Or other outdoor events.

PEDERNALES KNAP-IN in Blanco County, Texas
Organized each year by RON FIESELER 830-708-5020
Email: [email protected] and ask to be put on his email list for the latest date and info. Current plans are for April 11, 2015 but as of today that had not been finalized when I spoke to him on the phone.

Details from this forum posted last year
www.primitivearcher.com

Friday, April 25, 2014 to Sunday, April 27, 2014
2014 Pedernales Knap-In

The Pedernales Knap-In will once again take place at the Blanco County Fairgrounds in Johnson City, Texas. This is located on the north end of Johnson City, Texas, on the west side of U.S. Hwy 281, and on the south side of the Pedernales River.
You can preview the site by going to either Google Maps (satellite view) or Google Earth. Navigate to Johnson City, Texas (west of Austin), then follow U.S. Hwy 281 north to the Pedernales River. The rodeo arena is a good, easy to find landmark. You will be able to see the grove of trees between the rodeo arena and the barns.
During the last two years, knappers were pleased with this site. We have access to a small covered pavilion (for inclement weather knapping) and a large area between the pavilion and the rodeo arena with several nice shade trees. The Blanco County Fairgrounds offer knappers plenty of parking, easy in-easy out access, several nearby convenience stores and restaurants, electricity for late-night knapping, water faucets, on-site trash dumpsters, and enclosed restrooms. I will rig up a makeshift shower like I did last year. Knappers will be able to camp at their knapping area or in the parking area. Better yet, since the Fairgrounds are adjacent to the Pedernales River, camping is available next to the River if one so desires.
What we don\'t have on site is motor homecamp trailer hookups. However, there is the nice Roadrunner RV Park (830) 868-7449). It is located 1.5 miles south of the Fairgrounds on the east side of U.S. Hwy 281 and just across the road from the Valero convenience store and gas station. There are also a couple of motels in Johnson City for those who want more comfortable accommodations. They are near the traffic light at the intersection of US 281 and US 290. One is the nearly new Best Western (830) 868-4044 and the other is the older and less expensive Hill Country Inn (830) 868-2614.
Given the high cost of travel these days, we are trying very hard to maintain a cost-effective and affordable Knap-In. There will be no charge for camping. However, all Knappers andor Vendors will be required to pay a $10 Registration Fee for the event. As usual, we will once again be asking knappers and vendors to donate items for our Saturday afternoon auctionfund raiser to help cover Knap-In expenses.
The Pedernales Knap-In will be open to the public at no charge. Since we are located right on the west side of U.S. Hwy 281 with high visibility and plenty of signage and parking, we hope to attract the public in good numbers. We will also be submitting press releases to the local newspapers to advertise the event.
In closing, we hope to see many of you the last weekend of April, 2014 at the Blanco County Fairgrounds in Johnson City, Texas for the Pedernales Knap-In!!!

Fall Texas Knap-In:

Texas Hill Country Classic Knap In

What a delight it is to inform you of our fall knap in date for 2014. We’ll be meeting on October 3rd thru October 5th in Llano, Texas . We’ll have great food and great knapping available to all who attend again this year. Any rock vendors and bow makers or tool sellers, we invite you to attend. Your wares are sought after. Wives, Children and pets are also invited, although not necessarily in that order.

ROBINSON CITY PARK
2 MILES WEST OF DOWNTOWN LLANO ON F.M. ROAD 152
DIRECTION SIGNS WILL BE POSTED
SEMINARS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE BENEFIT OF
BEGINNING KNAPPERS AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES

THERE ARE CAMPING SITES AND R.V. HOOKUPS
AVAILABLE AT THE PARK FOR THOSE WHO CHOOSE TO
BRING THEIR TRAVEL TRAILERS

Louisiana Spring Knap-In:
Niblet’s Bluff knap-in was first weekend in April 2014
I heard it is set for April 17-19, 2015 but call to be sure
TEX HOLLOWAY 337-842-3124

If you live in the Southeast or are willing to travel there I hear a big and very popular Knap-in is in Georgia:
NORTH GEORGIA KNAPIN organized DAVE SWETMON 678-480-1932, near CARTERSVILLE, GA. Perhaps in April as well.

Many more across the country listed here, the dates are old but the phone numbers may still be useful so call or Google the names of the events etc.

www.kentuckyflintworks.com/KNAPINS.html

also
http://www.pugetsoundknappers.com

Has list of some West coast Knap-ins and instructions on how to make your own knapping tools etc.

3/4" Delrin Acetal rod with copper nail held in with set screw, not what Ishi used but highly functional for flaking IMO. 3' rod cost about $8 at Grainger, good for two "flint" pressure flakers aka "Ishi sticks" or tools.

[Roel]

@Hunter63; from left to right;

1. Stone hammer to pound fibers for any use.
2. Small Neolithic axe.
3. Mesolithic axe made of red deer antler.
4. Mesolithic axe from a piece of flint.

[hunter63]

@Hunter63; from left to right;

1. Stone hammer to pound fibers for any use.
2. Small Neolithic axe.
3. Mesolithic axe made of red deer antler.
4. Mesolithic axe from a piece of flint.

Thanks.....
Do you use them?....and how do they work?

[hunter63]

There are many excellent knappers on here.

............nappers?

[Rick]

That too....

[hayshaker]

zack if you just google 2015 flint knapping events calender you should find what your looking for near your area.

[Enigma]

I demonstrate game preparation to students using Obsidian and Mookaite jasper flakes. The reality of any cutting instrument is, it only has to be sharp. It doesn't matter what the material is. Steel simply means we don't have to continually knock another flake off a core, to prep the next animal or project. Volcanic glass and stone flakes have some of the sharpest edges you may encounter, however, as has been stated, steel is used these days due to simplicity and convenience.

The knowledge that stone CAN BE USED in expedient situations, is what is important to pass on to younger generations.

Knapping is not some magical mystical skill that takes years to do, I have students make "Hoko" style knives, the very first time they have ever seen knapping demonstrated. I show the practicality of a stone edge, as opposed to the mystical art form, of creating a beautiful bi-face long spear point, which are two entirely different things. Once the physics of what a conchoidal fracture is, and how it occurs is understood by students, then realistically, they are knapping straight away. I also get them to pressure flake arrow points too.

Personally I think it is due to ignorance when people on forums state 'steel is better'.

NO steel is different, not 'better'.

[Roel]

I once did an experiment with an axe made af amphibolite. Did the job just as well as an axe made of flint. The only thing was a little dammage on the edge.

http://i57.tinypic.com/w9bec5.jpg

http://i62.tinypic.com/2yn1btd.jpg

[Dino v.d merwe]

In my opinion it's best to make your own knives,hammers and axes

[hunter63]

In my opinion it's best to make your own knives,hammers and axes

Hunter63 saying Hey and Welcome.
There is an intro section at
http://www.wilderness-survival.net/forums/forumdisplay.php?14-Introductions

Some people would agree with you.....many won't, as they don't know how.

[hayshaker]

napping that's what i try todo in the afternoon. knapping is what i do in the studio.
what do i know about knapping well this there's far more i need to know than do know.

[yellowcab]

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[yellowcab]

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[yellowcab]

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�айт (http://keepagoodoffing.ru)�айт (http://keepsmthinhand.ru)�айт (http://kentishglory.ru)�айт (http://kerbweight.ru)�айт (http://kerrrotation.ru)�айт (http://keymanassurance.ru)�айт (http://keyserum.ru)�айт (http://kickplate.ru)�айт (http://killthefattedcalf.ru)�айт (http://kilowattsecond.ru)�айт (http://kingweakfish.ru)�айт (http://kinozones.ru)�айт (http://kleinbottle.ru)�айт (http://kneejoint.ru)�айт (http://knifesethouse.ru)
�айт (http://knockonatom.ru)�айт (http://knowledgestate.ru)�айт (http://kondoferromagnet.ru)�айт (http://labeledgraph.ru)�айт (http://laborracket.ru)�айт (http://labourearnings.ru)�айт (http://labourleasing.ru)�айт (http://laburnumtree.ru)�айт (http://lacingcourse.ru)�айт (http://lacrimalpoint.ru)�айт (http://lactogenicfactor.ru)�айт (http://lacunarycoefficient.ru)�айт (http://ladletreatediron.ru)�айт (http://laggingload.ru)�айт (http://laissezaller.ru)
�айт (http://lambdatransition.ru)�айт (http://laminatedmaterial.ru)�айт (http://lammasshoot.ru)�айт (http://lamphouse.ru)�айт (http://lancecorporal.ru)�айт (http://lancingdie.ru)�айт (http://landingdoor.ru)�айт (http://landmarksensor.ru)�айт (http://landreform.ru)�айт (http://landuseratio.ru)�айт (http://languagelaboratory.ru)�айт (http://largeheart.ru)�айт (http://lasercalibration.ru)�айт (http://laserlens.ru)�айт (http://laserpulse.ru)

[yellowcab]

�айт (http://laterevent.ru)�айт (http://latrinesergeant.ru)�айт (http://layabout.ru)�айт (http://leadcoating.ru)�айт (http://leadingfirm.ru)�айт (http://learningcurve.ru)�айт (http://leaveword.ru)�айт (http://machinesensible.ru)�айт (http://magneticequator.ru)�айт (http://magnetotelluricfield.ru)�айт (http://mailinghouse.ru)�айт (http://majorconcern.ru)�айт (http://mammasdarling.ru)�айт (http://managerialstaff.ru)�айт (http://manipulatinghand.ru)
�айт (http://manualchoke.ru)�айт (http://medinfobooks.ru)�айт (http://mp3lists.ru)�айт (http://nameresolution.ru)�айт (http://naphtheneseries.ru)�айт (http://narrowmouthed.ru)�айт (http://nationalcensus.ru)�айт (http://naturalfunctor.ru)�айт (http://navelseed.ru)�айт (http://neatplaster.ru)�айт (http://necroticcaries.ru)�айт (http://negativefibration.ru)�айт (http://neighbouringrights.ru)�айт (http://objectmodule.ru)�айт (http://observationballoon.ru)
�айт (http://obstructivepatent.ru)�айт (http://oceanmining.ru)�айт (http://octupolephonon.ru)�айт (http://offlinesystem.ru)�айт (http://offsetholder.ru)�айт (http://olibanumresinoid.ru)�айт (http://onesticket.ru)�айт (http://packedspheres.ru)�айт (http://pagingterminal.ru)�айт (http://palatinebones.ru)�айт (http://palmberry.ru)�айт (http://papercoating.ru)�айт (http://paraconvexgroup.ru)�айт (http://parasolmonoplane.ru)�айт (http://parkingbrake.ru)
�айт (http://partfamily.ru)�айт (http://partialmajorant.ru)�айт (http://quadrupleworm.ru)�айт (http://qualitybooster.ru)�айт (http://quasimoney.ru)�айт (http://quenchedspark.ru)�айт (http://quodrecuperet.ru)�айт (http://rabbetledge.ru)�айт (http://radialchaser.ru)�айт (http://radiationestimator.ru)�айт (http://railwaybridge.ru)�айт (http://randomcoloration.ru)�айт (http://rapidgrowth.ru)�айт (http://rattlesnakemaster.ru)�айт (http://reachthroughregion.ru)
�айт (http://readingmagnifier.ru)�айт (http://rearchain.ru)�айт (http://recessioncone.ru)�айт (http://recordedassignment.ru)�айт (http://rectifiersubstation.ru)�айт (http://redemptionvalue.ru)�айт (http://reducingflange.ru)�айт (http://referenceantigen.ru)�айт (http://regeneratedprotein.ru)�айт (http://reinvestmentplan.ru)�айт (http://safedrilling.ru)�айт (http://sagprofile.ru)�айт (http://salestypelease.ru)�айт (http://samplinginterval.ru)�айт (http://satellitehydrology.ru)
�айт (http://scarcecommodity.ru)�айт (http://scrapermat.ru)�айт (http://screwingunit.ru)�айт (http://seawaterpump.ru)�айт (http://secondaryblock.ru)�айт (http://secularclergy.ru)�айт (http://seismicefficiency.ru)�айт (http://selectivediffuser.ru)�айт (http://semiasphalticflux.ru)�айт (http://semifinishmachining.ru)�айт (http://spicetrade.ru)�айт (http://spysale.ru)�айт (http://stungun.ru)�айт (http://tacticaldiameter.ru)�айт (http://tailstockcenter.ru)
�айт (http://tamecurve.ru)�айт (http://tapecorrection.ru)�айт (http://tappingchuck.ru)�айт (http://taskreasoning.ru)�айт (http://technicalgrade.ru)�айт (http://telangiectaticlipoma.ru)�айт (http://telescopicdamper.ru)�айт (http://temperateclimate.ru)�айт (http://temperedmeasure.ru)�айт (http://tenementbuilding.ru)tuchkas (http://tuchkas.ru/)�айт (http://ultramaficrock.ru)�айт (http://ultraviolettesting.ru)

[yellowcab]

Френ (http://audiobookkeeper.ru/book/1462)277.8 (http://cottagenet.ru/plan/378)объе (http://eyesvision.ru/lectures/39)PERF (http://eyesvisions.com)Дь�ч (http://factoringfee.ru/t/964568)Unde (http://filmzones.ru/t/464090)С�02 (http://gadwall.ru/t/573589)�к�п (http://gaffertape.ru/t/832999)Чапе (http://gageboard.ru/t/850516)Котл (http://gagrule.ru/t/633590)Евге (http://gallduct.ru/t/852326)Chin (http://galvanometric.ru/t/448383)импе (http://gangforeman.ru/t/660464)Безн (http://gangwayplatform.ru/t/852009)Demo (http://garbagechute.ru/t/1090704)
коро (http://gardeningleave.ru/t/300026)глав (http://gascautery.ru/t/946640)Chic (http://gashbucket.ru/t/448568)Иван (http://gasreturn.ru/t/941487)Summ (http://gatedsweep.ru/t/559994)Ð*азм (http://gaugemodel.ru/t/1160019)1574 (http://gaussianfilter.ru/t/972556)Галл (http://gearpitchdiameter.ru/t/777238)TP20 (http://geartreating.ru/t/741278)Ð�рти (http://generalizedanalysis.ru/t/645633)tech (http://generalprovisions.ru/t/559767)Skar (http://geophysicalprobe.ru/t/565917)Гузе (http://geriatricnurse.ru/t/196903)Маль (http://getintoaflap.ru/t/402309)Wolf (http://getthebounce.ru/t/171133)
Rudy (http://habeascorpus.ru/t/770499)Henr (http://habituate.ru/t/846234)Ñ�ерт (http://hackedbolt.ru/t/446319)XVII (http://hackworker.ru/t/832628)Vict (http://hadronicannihilation.ru/t/782180)Ð�лек (http://haemagglutinin.ru/t/815870)Nive (http://hailsquall.ru/t/343777)Jard (http://hairysphere.ru/t/560818)Kami (http://halforderfringe.ru/t/561861)Kami (http://halfsiblings.ru/t/563035)Mine (http://hallofresidence.ru/t/563240)Трух (http://haltstate.ru/t/560849)Theo (http://handcoding.ru/t/810771)Ð*уда (http://handportedhead.ru/t/932788)Pale (http://handradar.ru/t/562470)
Тарб (http://handsfreetelephone.ru/t/298468)John (http://hangonpart.ru/t/657838)�ерт (http://haphazardwinding.ru/t/557647)Fran (http://hardalloyteeth.ru/t/557156)Nigh (http://hardasiron.ru/t/566650)Dani (http://hardenedconcrete.ru/t/567284)Joli (http://harmonicinteraction.ru/t/567777)T6-Y (http://hartlaubgoose.ru/t/166405)Feli (http://hatchholddown.ru/t/601973)Крыщ (http://haveafinetime.ru/t/761477)NYFC (http://hazardousatmosphere.ru/t/330476)Ки�л (http://headregulator.ru/t/673173)Герм (http://heartofgold.ru/t/847141)Chan (http://heatageingresistance.ru/t/471484)иллю (http://heatinggas.ru/t/941640)
Fred (http://heavydutymetalcutting.ru/t/810016)Aval (http://jacketedwall.ru/t/603133)Feli (http://japanesecedar.ru/t/602160)neve (http://jibtypecrane.ru/t/607944)visc (http://jobabandonment.ru/t/603908)Adio (http://jobstress.ru/t/603904)Anna (http://jogformation.ru/t/632112)Fyod (http://jointcapsule.ru/t/762533)пони (http://jointsealingmaterial.ru/t/928459)STAL (http://journallubricator.ru/t/619629)Kiha (http://juicecatcher.ru/t/774907)�зык (http://junctionofchannels.ru/t/806274)VIII (http://justiciablehomicide.ru/t/782192)(190 (http://juxtapositiontwin.ru/t/760282)XVII (http://kaposidisease.ru/t/782175)
Dona (http://keepagoodoffing.ru/t/750521)Rond (http://keepsmthinhand.ru/t/610608)XVII (http://kentishglory.ru/t/805860)Laur (http://kerbweight.ru/t/782407)3210 (http://kerrrotation.ru/t/606701)мен� (http://keymanassurance.ru/t/609150)биол (http://keyserum.ru/t/809682)Time (http://kickplate.ru/t/237697)Соде (http://killthefattedcalf.ru/t/667670)Rusi (http://kilowattsecond.ru/t/606673)Lapi (http://kingweakfish.ru/t/609757)Мерт (http://kinozones.ru/film/3910)Naso (http://kleinbottle.ru/t/611377)мен� (http://kneejoint.ru/t/605544)Rudy (http://knifesethouse.ru/t/849206)
Zone (http://knockonatom.ru/t/608140)Zone (http://knowledgestate.ru/t/605387)ма�� (http://kondoferromagnet.ru/t/672958)Cant (http://labeledgraph.ru/t/1142052)XVII (http://laborracket.ru/t/505127)Rudy (http://labourearnings.ru/t/849219)Robe (http://labourleasing.ru/t/846024)�еча (http://laburnumtree.ru/t/890895)�лек (http://lacingcourse.ru/t/881661)XXIV (http://lacrimalpoint.ru/t/877286)Imat (http://lactogenicfactor.ru/t/875377)ме�� (http://lacunarycoefficient.ru/t/809474)Круп (http://ladletreatediron.ru/t/490017)Чубо (http://laggingload.ru/t/787508)Erne (http://laissezaller.ru/t/816870)
треу (http://lambdatransition.ru/t/759673)войн (http://laminatedmaterial.ru/t/758778)Geor (http://lammasshoot.ru/t/770562)Заве (http://lamphouse.ru/t/831212)Firs (http://lancecorporal.ru/t/767639)Иллю (http://lancingdie.ru/t/673133)Сине (http://landingdoor.ru/t/678325)Лома (http://landmarksensor.ru/t/841458)и�ку (http://landreform.ru/t/840564)авто (http://landuseratio.ru/t/812556)�еза (http://languagelaboratory.ru/t/856377)Верб (http://largeheart.ru/shop/1159911)ману (http://lasercalibration.ru/shop/151929)mygd (http://laserlens.ru/lase_zakaz/2019)фарф (http://laserpulse.ru/shop/589109)

[yellowcab]

Stie (http://laterevent.ru/shop/1030865)Bosc (http://latrinesergeant.ru/shop/453072)Step (http://layabout.ru/shop/99479)меÑ�Ñ� (http://leadcoating.ru/shop/22214)Haku (http://leadingfirm.ru/shop/66258)Moto (http://learningcurve.ru/shop/181071)Loop (http://leaveword.ru/shop/144962)Гудк (http://machinesensible.ru/shop/68067)TODE (http://magneticequator.ru/shop/194225)Wood (http://magnetotelluricfield.ru/shop/145466)Ð*оÑ�Ñ� (http://mailinghouse.ru/shop/53544)Кита (http://majorconcern.ru/shop/267927)Movi (http://mammasdarling.ru/shop/146171)Davi (http://managerialstaff.ru/shop/159143)ARAG (http://manipulatinghand.ru/shop/612879)
Воро (http://manualchoke.ru/shop/357817)томо (http://medinfobooks.ru/book/1490)Celt (http://mp3lists.ru/item/3646)Vali (http://nameresolution.ru/shop/144605)NDFE (http://naphtheneseries.ru/shop/103880)Mood (http://narrowmouthed.ru/shop/448902)Sout (http://nationalcensus.ru/shop/146573)знак (http://naturalfunctor.ru/shop/11986)валу (http://navelseed.ru/shop/100437)Своб (http://neatplaster.ru/shop/123244)Шика (http://necroticcaries.ru/shop/26086)Wind (http://negativefibration.ru/shop/175475)Mist (http://neighbouringrights.ru/shop/95737)покр (http://objectmodule.ru/shop/106930)Bami (http://observationballoon.ru/shop/10248)
Effi (http://obstructivepatent.ru/shop/97961)�ерт (http://oceanmining.ru/shop/458462)Bozi (http://octupolephonon.ru/shop/571315)wwwv (http://offlinesystem.ru/shop/147336)�уди (http://offsetholder.ru/shop/199230)Kris (http://olibanumresinoid.ru/shop/30671)Грец (http://onesticket.ru/shop/378681)Kaps (http://packedspheres.ru/shop/578829)Wind (http://pagingterminal.ru/shop/585570)Like (http://palatinebones.ru/shop/200981)Колы (http://palmberry.ru/shop/204237)Волк (http://papercoating.ru/shop/580062)Попо (http://paraconvexgroup.ru/shop/684304)Крам (http://parasolmonoplane.ru/shop/1165660)Форм (http://parkingbrake.ru/shop/1165733)
Иллю (http://partfamily.ru/shop/1066847)Сури (http://partialmajorant.ru/shop/1167451)(184 (http://quadrupleworm.ru/shop/154122)Кваш (http://qualitybooster.ru/shop/153518)Ка�т (http://quasimoney.ru/shop/591907)Chri (http://quenchedspark.ru/shop/506455)Tota (http://quodrecuperet.ru/shop/124453)худо (http://rabbetledge.ru/shop/1070223)муль (http://radialchaser.ru/shop/124247)Rock (http://radiationestimator.ru/shop/79731)Мазн (http://railwaybridge.ru/shop/335036)Знам (http://randomcoloration.ru/shop/508692)Фили (http://rapidgrowth.ru/shop/621461)Musi (http://rattlesnakemaster.ru/shop/125930)Inte (http://reachthroughregion.ru/shop/125632)
dism (http://readingmagnifier.ru/shop/96510)Стой (http://rearchain.ru/shop/334619)атак (http://recessioncone.ru/shop/509501)учил (http://recordedassignment.ru/shop/14053)MPEG (http://rectifiersubstation.ru/shop/1047050)Rita (http://redemptionvalue.ru/shop/1058361)Комк (http://reducingflange.ru/shop/1067161)Воро (http://referenceantigen.ru/shop/1692209)Doug (http://regeneratedprotein.ru/shop/1208033)Иллю (http://reinvestmentplan.ru/shop/120626)Para (http://safedrilling.ru/shop/1307161)Кала (http://sagprofile.ru/shop/1034563)Малы (http://salestypelease.ru/shop/1064114)Rudy (http://samplinginterval.ru/shop/1405242)�нге (http://satellitehydrology.ru/shop/1408826)
Ð*аши (http://scarcecommodity.ru/shop/1430322)чело (http://scrapermat.ru/shop/1446539)Форм (http://screwingunit.ru/shop/1487411)Sara (http://seawaterpump.ru/shop/166354)SEAS (http://secondaryblock.ru/shop/247234)Суще (http://secularclergy.ru/shop/263836)Елец (http://seismicefficiency.ru/shop/40800)Кола (http://selectivediffuser.ru/shop/47421)Григ (http://semiasphalticflux.ru/shop/398179)Шахм (http://semifinishmachining.ru/shop/67600)mygd (http://spicetrade.ru/spice_zakaz/2019)mygd (http://spysale.ru/spy_zakaz/2019)mygd (http://stungun.ru/stun_zakaz/2019)Бард (http://tacticaldiameter.ru/shop/460374)Ð�ико (http://tailstockcenter.ru/shop/471091)
Иллю (http://tamecurve.ru/shop/82331)Черн (http://tapecorrection.ru/shop/83615)Кита (http://tappingchuck.ru/shop/484573)ребе (http://taskreasoning.ru/shop/496346)веще (http://technicalgrade.ru/shop/1813902)Шоло (http://telangiectaticlipoma.ru/shop/620006)пути (http://telescopicdamper.ru/shop/619840)MacH (http://temperateclimate.ru/shop/264595)Пику (http://temperedmeasure.ru/shop/398156)Сухи (http://tenementbuilding.ru/shop/932728)tuchkas (http://tuchkas.ru/)Форм (http://ultramaficrock.ru/shop/460477)Гази (http://ultraviolettesting.ru/shop/475483)

[yellowcab]

�айт (http://geartreating.ru)�айт (http://hadronicannihilation.ru)�айт (http://getintoaflap.ru)�айт (http://gashbucket.ru)�айт (http://scarcecommodity.ru)�айт (http://kerrrotation.ru)�айт (http://hailsquall.ru)�айт (http://heavydutymetalcutting.ru)�айт (http://hazardousatmosphere.ru)�айт (http://mammasdarling.ru)�айт (http://heatageingresistance.ru)�айт (http://laborracket.ru)�айт (http://kaposidisease.ru)�айт (http://landuseratio.ru)�айт (http://offlinesystem.ru)
�айт (http://lacingcourse.ru)�айт (http://semiasphalticflux.ru)�айт (http://packedspheres.ru)�айт (http://neatplaster.ru)�айт (http://gaussianfilter.ru)�айт (http://secularclergy.ru)�айт (http://hardasiron.ru)�айт (http://kleinbottle.ru)�айт (http://cottagenet.ru)�айт (http://laminatedmaterial.ru)�айт (http://selectivediffuser.ru)�айт (http://papercoating.ru)�айт (http://objectmodule.ru)�айт (http://jobstress.ru)�айт (http://getthebounce.ru)
�айт (http://gardeningleave.ru)�айт (http://olibanumresinoid.ru)�айт (http://temperedmeasure.ru)�айт (http://readingmagnifier.ru)�айт (http://quasimoney.ru)�айт (http://reachthroughregion.ru)�айт (http://haphazardwinding.ru)�айт (http://hangonpart.ru)�айт (http://eyesvision.ru)�айт (http://naturalfunctor.ru)�айт (http://landmarksensor.ru)�айт (http://knifesethouse.ru)�айт (http://heartofgold.ru)�айт (http://satellitehydrology.ru)�айт (http://gasreturn.ru)
�айт (http://radialchaser.ru)�айт (http://quadrupleworm.ru)�айт (http://lactogenicfactor.ru)�айт (http://haltstate.ru)�айт (http://rabbetledge.ru)�айт (http://latrinesergeant.ru)�айт (http://juicecatcher.ru)�айт (http://lacrimalpoint.ru)�айт (http://jogformation.ru)�айт (http://magneticequator.ru)�айт (http://haemagglutinin.ru)�айт (http://sagprofile.ru)�айт (http://hatchholddown.ru)�айт (http://samplinginterval.ru)�айт (http://galvanometric.ru)
�айт (http://seawaterpump.ru)�айт (http://laserpulse.ru)�айт (http://spysale.ru)�айт (http://rattlesnakemaster.ru)�айт (http://labourleasing.ru)�айт (http://safedrilling.ru)�айт (http://screwingunit.ru)�айт (http://gaffertape.ru)�айт (http://oceanmining.ru)�айт (http://nationalcensus.ru)�айт (http://keyserum.ru)�айт (http://laterevent.ru)�айт (http://journallubricator.ru)�айт (http://gageboard.ru)�айт (http://haveafinetime.ru)
�айт (http://tapecorrection.ru)�айт (http://railwaybridge.ru)�айт (http://secondaryblock.ru)�айт (http://layabout.ru)�айт (http://landreform.ru)�айт (http://taskreasoning.ru)�айт (http://nameresolution.ru)�айт (http://radiationestimator.ru)�айт (http://knowledgestate.ru)�айт (http://justiciablehomicide.ru)�айт (http://halforderfringe.ru)�айт (http://tappingchuck.ru)�айт (http://gangforeman.ru)�айт (http://manualchoke.ru)�айт (http://knockonatom.ru)
�айт (http://gagrule.ru)�айт (http://ladletreatediron.ru)�айт (http://gatedsweep.ru)�айт (http://geophysicalprobe.ru)�айт (http://languagelaboratory.ru)�айт (http://keymanassurance.ru)�айт (http://qualitybooster.ru)�айт (http://necroticcaries.ru)�айт (http://rearchain.ru)�айт (http://largeheart.ru)�айт (http://handcoding.ru)�айт (http://hardenedconcrete.ru)�айт (http://gaugemodel.ru)�айт (http://rapidgrowth.ru)�айт (http://lammasshoot.ru)
�айт (http://kentishglory.ru)�айт (http://gallduct.ru)�айт (http://medinfobooks.ru)�айт (http://harmonicinteraction.ru)�айт (http://majorconcern.ru)�айт (http://handradar.ru)�айт (http://hardalloyteeth.ru)�айт (http://jibtypecrane.ru)�айт (http://laggingload.ru)�айт (http://offsetholder.ru)�айт (http://kneejoint.ru)�айт (http://scrapermat.ru)�айт (http://habituate.ru)�айт (http://jointsealingmaterial.ru)�айт (http://octupolephonon.ru)

[yellowcab]

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