Messed up my response, but we should note that a more educated population with a high standard of living shows slower population growth. Allowing women access to education and health care seems to be a most effective way of slowing the rate of population growth
The article mentioned by Batch (Slate on Jan. 9, 2013) seems to be a good one and brings out the idea of a "demographic transition" when a population becomes generally more educated and with a high standard of living. The article points out that some countries have attempted specific rewards for families to have ore children - usually with limited results
I really want to check out the "Routes of Contagion" book as well.
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