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I wasn't going to go into details but phospherous was discovered from urine by alchemists in the 1600s. From wikipedia:


For salt extraction just keep the salty layer and discard the rest. ...

In the bush you can use a simple pot setup to boil away the water from urine, salt water, or sweat (for sweat you may need a large fat man who perspires like a tap). Similar method to make maple...